Scenario 1
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What are the errors in the following prescriptions (5 total)? Rewrite each prescription correctly. What is each medication classification? What is the mechanism of action (MOA)?
Hyzaar (losartan/hydrochlorothiazide) 50/25 mg PO daily #30 3 RF
Lotrel (amlodipine/lisinopril) 5/40 mg PO daily #30 3 RF
hydralizine 25 mg PO QID #120 1 RF
digoxin 1.25 mg PO daily #30 1 RF
Repatha 140 mg IV every 2 weeks #1 1 RF
Scenario 1 – SOLVED – What are the errors in the following prescriptions (5 total)? Rewrite each prescription correctly. What is each medication classification? What is the mechanism of action (MOA)?
The clear error in all the five prescriptions in this scenario is that the quantity of the medication strength shown that is to be taken each time (i.e. the number or fraction of tablet to be taken; or the number of vials to be injected) is not indicated (Medical School Headquarters, 2024; OSCEstop Education, 2024). Only the quantity to be dispensed and the refills are shown. For Hyzaar, the dosage strength of HCT given as 25 mg is also wrong. The correct available tablet strength is 50/12.5 mg. Lotrel is the brand name for amlodipine/benazepril. The correct brand name for amlodipine/ lisinopril is Lisonorm, and the correct tablet strength is 5/10 mg. A digoxin dose of 1.25 mg is too high and dangerous. The correct maintenance dose in this case should be 0.125 mg (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2020). The correct prescriptions are thus as follows (Medscape, 2025a; Rosenthal & Burchum, 2020):
Hyzaar (losartan/hydrochlorothiazide) 50/12.5 mg tablets 1 (one) tablet PO daily, #30, 3 RF
Lisonorm (amlodipine/lisinopril) 5/10 mg tablets 1 (one) tablet PO daily, #30, 3 RF
Hydralizine (Apresoline) 25 mg tablets 1 (one) tablet PO QID, #120, 1 RF
Digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.125 mg tablets 1 (one) tablet PO daily, #30, 1 RF
Evolocumab (Repatha) 140 mg/mL autoinjector, 1 (one) IV every 2 weeks, #1, 1 RF
Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, while HCT is a thiazide diuretic (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2020). Losartan acts by countering the vasoconstriction effects of angiotensin II, thereby causing vessel relaxation and reduction in blood pressure. HCT acts in the renal tubules distally to prevent reabsorption of sodium chloride and hence water. Angiotensin I must be converted into the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II through the catalysis of the enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme or ACE. Lisinopril acts by inhibiting this conversion (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2020). It is therefore an ACE inhibitor by classification.
Amlodipine belongs to the class of antihypertensive medications referred to as calcium channel blockers. It acts by interfering with transmembrane Calcium ion transportation into the cells of blood vessels and the heart muscle (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2020). Hydralazine is in a medication class called vasodilators. It is an arteriolar transmembrane calcium channel blocker; an effect that causes arterial vasodilation. Digoxin is a digitalis and a cardiac glycoside by classification. It acts by inhibiting the sodium pump in heart muscle, causing a corresponding increase in intracellular calcium concentrations and force of heart contractions (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2020). Lastly, evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody also known as a PCSK9 inhibitor. It acts by inhibiting the actions of PCSK9 (Medscape, 2025b), thereby lowering the levels of dangerous low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or LDL-C. What are the errors in the following prescriptions (5 total)? Rewrite each prescription correctly. What is each medication classification? What is the mechanism of action (MOA)?
References
Medscape (2025a). Hydralazine . https://reference.medscape.com/drug/apresoline-hydralazine-342400#0
Rosenthal, L.D., & Burchum, J.R. (2020). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers, 2 nd ed . Elsevier.
