The purpose of this analytical paper is to develop a health promotion project aimed at tackling the opioid crisis among Hispanic population in California. Recent statistics indicate a significant rise in opioid-related deaths among Latinos (mainly of Mexican-origin) at a rate of 5.4% per 100,000 Latino residents in 2019 (Valdez et al., 2022). Equally, the steady rise in opioid-related ED visits among Hispanic adults is a clear indication that the Latino population experiences the detrimental health effects associated with the recent rise in opioid overdoses. The recognition of drug overdose deaths as a national public health emergency elucidates the greater need for implementation of comprehensive health promotion interventions aimed at supporting evidence-based treatments for substance use disorders and consequently, reducing the effects of drug overdoses, including overdose deaths (ASPE, 2021).
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Relation to Target Population
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2020), the opioid crisis has become evident across U.S. geographic areas, with fatal drug overdose rates ranging from 4 to 42 per 100,000 residents. Among Latinos, the number of opioid-related deaths have almost doubled from 2001-2021, with a distinct rise in synthetic opioid-related mortalities. Some of the leading drugs behind the overdose deaths among Latinos included Fentanyl (40.2%), heroin (31.2%) and cocaine (26.8%). Valdez et al. (2022) noted that although Texas and California have over time reported some of the lowest Hispanic drug overdose mortality rates among all racial/ethnic groups in the United States, the two states still had the highest prevalence of Hispanic overdoses, covering over one quarter of all Hispanic deaths in the country, 2014-2017.
With one of the largest Hispanic population in the United States, California no doubt offer a distinctive opportunity to comprehend the extent, severity and nature of drug overdoses for Latino sub-groups residing in different areas across the state. In 2019, fentanyl and heroin-related deaths rose among Latinos in California by 2.2 and 1.3 times their 2018 rates, respectively (California Health Care Foundation, 2018). Averaging 2.0 deaths per 100,000 and rising to 4.1 deaths per 100,000 in 2019, deaths particularly linked to prescription opioids among Latinos in rural, isolated and poor northern California counties presents a serious public health problem that warrants a closer examination (Valdez et al., 2022). Considering the heterogeneous nature of the Latino population in California, implementation of a tailored health promotion project may help in the adoption of preventive interventions aimed at reducing the high rates of opioid-related deaths NR222 Health and Wellness Required Uniform Assignment: Health Promotion Paper Guidelines.
Healthy People 2030 put more emphasis on the prevention of drug overdose morbidities and mortalities through alleviating alcohol and drug misuse and assisting people with substance use disorders to receive the much-needed treatment. Whilst the national health target is to decrease drug overdose deaths to 20.7 deaths per 100,000 residents, the existence of health disparities have greatly undermined the capacity of vulnerable subgroups to attain health literacy and to gain access to high-quality care services aimed at improving their health and wellbeing (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2023). In California, fatal opioid-related overdose stood at 6,000 deaths in 2021- a mortality rate of 9.3 per 100,000, which is lower than the national average. However, evidence indicates that some areas of California experience some of the highest death rates, indicating the greater need for treatment of the opioid overdose crisis as a serious public health emergency (Kiang et al., 2022).
Considering that every overdose is preventable, the adoption of a customized health promotion project can form a strong basis on which to pursue the goal of zero overdose deaths in the state of California. Some of the promising interventions to health reduce drug overdose among Hispanic adults in California include: working closely with health plans for prescriber outreach; marketing of Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) telehealth to the general public; adding MAT in health facilities, emergency departments, jails, drug addiction treatment programs, maternity practices; working with OTPs, county drug and alcohol departments for enhanced coordination of services; actively engaging local opioid safety coalition; and expanding MAT services through implementation of the Medi-Cal waiver (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2017).
Summary of Articles
Jalali et al. (2020) identified the growing prevalence of opioid use and misuse as a key contributing factor behind the growing number of overdose deaths over the past two and half decades. The research established that opioid use disorder has continued to contribute to growing levels of morbidity and mortality due to the harms of opioids on the health and wellbeing of individuals, families and communities. In light of the socio-ecological framework of the opioid crisis, Jalali et al. (2020) established that a plethora of individual, interpersonal, communal and societal factors assumed a fundamental role in exacerbating the risk of opioid use and misuse among all ethnic/racial groups including Latinos. In a population-based study, Kiang et al. (2022) found out that the structurally marginalized populations (particularly African American and Latinos reported higher rates of fatal drug overdoses during the COVID-19 crisis in California. Considering the immense geographic gradient of the drug overdose deaths experienced in the state of California, the implementation of local, customized public health projects and interventions can form a meaningful starting point for cutting down the persistent inequities in overdose morbidity and deaths as experienced among Hispanic young adults (Valdez et al., 2022).
In this health promotion project, the information presented in the reviewed article shall form a strong basis on which to determine the primary risk factors for opioid use and misuse among the target population. In this project, more attention is placed on acknowledging each of the four main levels (the individual, interpersonal, communal and societal) to create and implement multi-dimensional and effective health promotion interventions aimed at mitigating the opioid crisis in California.
Health Promotion Discussion
One of the most viable health promotion strategies to educate the public about the topic is engagement in life skills training. Jalali et al. (2020) insisted that the teaching of alcohol and drug prevention skills and competencies to high school and college students may prove instrumental in enabling them to gain access to a wide range of information on tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and other illicit drugs and on ways of tackling the risk and protective factors behind substance use and abuse NR222 Health and Wellness Required Uniform Assignment: Health Promotion Paper Guidelines. Equally, the implementation of community-based drug prevention programs targeting high-risk Hispanic young adults can help to identify and tackle some of the consequences of drug overdose including aggression, drug addiction as well as academic failure, and other maladaptive behaviors. Valdez et al. (2022) explained that the adoption of targeted overdose prevention programs aimed at assisting young Hispanic adults to gain access to evidence-based treatment, overcome the harms associated with drug overdoses and receive the much needed recovery support. In addition, any effective health promotion strategy must be guided by the cross-cutting principles of enhancing multi-stakeholder collaboration and coordination; enhancing equity; employing best available scientific evidence to guide actions; bolstering stakeholder engagement; identifying gaps/needs and exploiting opportunities; reducing the consequences of drug overdoses; and investing in community empowerment programs (Kiang et al., 2022).
References
ASPE, (2021). U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services Overdose Prevention Strategy . https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/101936da95b69acb8446a4bad9179cc0/overdose-prevention-strategy.pdf
California Health Care Foundation, (2018). Ending the Opioid Epidemic in California . https://www.chcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/PDF-CHCFOpioidSafety.pdf
Jalali, M.S., Botticelli, M., Hwang, R.C. et al. (2020). The opioid crisis: a contextual, social-ecological framework. Health Research Policy System , 18, 87 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-020-00596-8
Kiang, M.V., Acosta, R.J., Mathay, E.C., & Humphreys, K., (2022).Sociodemographic and geographic disparities in excess fatal drug overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in California: A population-based study. The Lancet Regional Health- Americas. doi: 10. www.1016/j.lana.2022.100237
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, (2017). Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic: Balancing Societal and Individual Benefits and Risks of Prescription Opioid Use. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2017 Jul 13. 5, Evidence on Strategies for Addressing the Opioid Epidemic. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK458653/
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, (2023). Reduce drug overdose deaths — SU-03. https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/drug-and-alcohol-use/reduce-drug-overdose-deaths-su-03
Valdez, A., Cepeda, A., Frankeberger, J., & Nowotny, K.M. (2022).The opioid epidemic among the Latino population in California. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports , 2, 100029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100029 NR222 Health and Wellness Required Uniform Assignment: Health Promotion Paper Guidelines
Purpose
This assignment allows the learner to apply knowledge gained about health promotion concepts and strategies, enhance written communication skills, and demonstrate a beginning understanding of cultural competency.
Course outcomes: This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes:
Discuss the professional nurse’s role in health promotion activities. (PO 1 and 2)
Discuss health promotion, illness prevention, health maintenance, health restoration, and rehabilitation in relation to the nurse’s role in working with various populations. (PO 1, 2, and 8)
Identify health promotion strategies throughout the life span. (PO 1, 2, and 4)
Due date: Your faculty member will inform you when this assignment is due. The Late Assignment Policy applies to this assignment.
Total points possible: 100 points
Preparing the assignment
Follow these guidelines when completing this assignment. Speak with your faculty member if you have questions.
Identify a health problem or need for health promotion for a particular stage in the life span of a population from a specific culture in your area.
Choose one of the Leading Health Indicator (LHI) priorities from Healthy People. https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/leading-health-indicators
Research a topic related to health and wellness associated with one of the Healthy People topic areas.
Submit your topic to the instructor for approval at least 2 weeks prior to the final assignment due date, but earlier if desired. All topics must be approved.
You will develop an educational health promotion project addressing the population/culture in your area.
Use TurnItIn in time to make any edits that might be necessary based on the Similarity Index prior to submitting your paper to your faculty. Consult with your faculty about the acceptable Similarity Index for this paper.
For writing assistance, visit the Writing Center page https://mychamberlain.sharepoint.com/sites/StudentResourceCenter/WC .
Include the following sections (detailed criteria listed below and in the Grading Rubric).
Introduction and Conclusion- 15 points/15%
Introduction establishes the purpose of the paper and describes why topic is important to health promotion in the target population in your area.
Introduction stimulates the reader’s interest.
Conclusion includes the main ideas from the body of the paper.
Conclusion includes the major support points from the body of the paper.
Relate Topic to Target Population- 25 points/25%
Describes the topic and target cultural population.
Includes statistics to support significance of the topic.
Explains how the project relates to the selected Healthy People topic area.
Applies health promotion concepts.
Summary of Articles- 25 points/25%
A minimum of three (3) scholarly articles, from the last 5 years, are used as sources.
Articles meet criteria of being from scholarly journals and include health promotion and wellness content.
At least one article is related to the chosen cultural group.
Summaries all key points and findings from the articles.
Includes statistics to support significance of the topic.
Discusses how information from the articles is used in the Health Promotion Project, including specific examples.
Health Promotion Discussion – 25 points/25%
Describes approaches to educate the target population about the topic.
The approaches are appropriate for the cultural target population.
Identifies specific ways to promote lifestyle changes within the target population.
Applies health promotion strategies.
APA Style and Organization – 10 points/10%
TurnItIn is used prior to submitting paper for grading.
Revisions are made based on TurnItIn originality report.
References are submitted with assignment.
Use current APA format and is free of errors.
Grammar and mechanics are free of errors.
Paper is 3-4 pages, excluding title and reference pages.
Information is organized around required components and flows in a logical sequence.
Grading Rubric
Criteria are met when the student’s application of knowledge within the paper demonstrates achievement of the outcomes for this assignment.
Assignment Section and
Required Criteria
(Points possible/% of total points available)
Highest Level of Performance
High Level of Performance
Satisfactory Level of Performance
Unsatisfactory Level of Performance
Section not present in paper
Introduction and Conclusion
(15 points/15%)
15 points
13 points
12 points
8 points
0 points
Required criteria
1. Introduction establishes the purpose of the paper and describes why topic is important to health promotion in the target population in your area.
2. Introduction stimulates the reader’s interest.
3. Conclusion includes the main ideas from the body of the paper.
4. Conclusion includes the major support points from the body of the paper.
Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section.
Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section.
Includes no fewer than 2 requirements for section.
Includes 1 or fewer requirements for section.
No requirements for this section presented.
Relate Topic to Target Population
(25 points/25%)
25 points
20 points
15 points
10 points
0 points
Required criteria
1. Describes the topic and target cultural population.
2. Includes statistics to support significance of the topic.
3. Explains how the project relates to the selected Healthy People topic area.
4. Applies health promotion concepts.
Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section.
Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section.
Includes no less than 2 requirements for section.
Includes 1 or fewer requirements for section.
No requirements for this section presented.
Summary of Articles
(25 points/25%)
25 points
23 points
21 points
10 points
0 points
Required criteria
1. A minimum of three (3) scholarly articles, from the last 5 years, are used as sources.
2. Articles meet criteria of being from scholarly journals and include health promotion and wellness content.
3. At least one article is related to the chosen cultural group.
4. Summaries all key points and findings from the articles.
5. Includes statistics to support significance of the topic.
6. Discusses how information from the articles is used in the Health Promotion Project, including specific examples.
Includes no fewer than 6 requirements for section.
Includes no fewer than 5 requirements for section.
Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section.
Includes 1-3 requirements for section.
No requirements for this section presented.
Health Promotion Discussion
(25 points/25%)
25 points
23 points
21 points
10 points
0 points
Required criteria
1. Describes approaches to educate the target population about the topic.
2. The approaches are appropriate for the cultural target population.
3. Identifies specific ways to promote lifestyle changes within the target population.
4. Applies health promotion strategies.
Includes no fewer than 4 requirements for section.
Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section.
Includes no fewer than 2 requirements for section.
Includes 1 or fewer requirement for section.
No requirements for this section presented.
APA Style and Organization
(10 points/10%)
10 points
9 points
8 points
4 points
0 points
Required criteria
1. TurnItIn is used prior to submitting paper for grading.
2. Revisions are made based on TurnItIn originality report.
3. References are submitted with assignment.
4. Uses current APA format and is free of errors.
5. Grammar and mechanics are free of errors.
6. Paper is 3-4 pages, excluding title and reference pages.
7. Information is organized around required components and flows in a logical sequence.
Includes no fewer than 7 requirements for section.
Includes no fewer than 6 requirements for section.
Includes no fewer than 5 requirements for section.
Includes 1-4 requirements for section.
No requirements for this section presented.
Total Points Possible = 100 points
